Ficus deltoidea Leaf Alters Oxidative Stress, Protein Homeostasis and Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Fatty Acid-Induced Cell Line

Research background. Ficus deltoidea (mistletoe fig) is a shrub well known among locals in Malaysia primarily for its treatment of toothaches, colds and wounds. The aim this study to determine the potential leaves, sourced from three different varieties F. deltoidea, exhibit antioxidant activity, reduction lipid concentration, protein expression steatosis-induced liver cell lines. Experimental approach. leaves varieties, namely var. angustifolia, trengganuensis kunstleri, were subjected water extraction. resulting crude extracts fractionated using ethyl acetate. Palmitic acid was used induce accumulation (steatosis) human (WRL68) cells, before all samples tested their lipid-reducing activity. Several proteomic approaches incorporated. changes determined 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis separation, whereas identification our spots interest carried out via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. Results conclusions. kunstleri alone demonstrated ability reduce lipids at highest concentration (200 μg/mL) was, therefore, subsequent experiments. Treatment with found restore redox status by increasing superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase amounts decreasing malondialdehyde formation. Six proteins successfully identified; these heat shock beta-1 (HSPB1), proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSMA1), S-transferase omega (GSTO1), peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), histone H2B (HIST1H-2BD) ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L3 (UCHL3). Through bioinformatics analysis, it that significantly involved specific pathways such as oxidative stress (PRDX1 GSTO1), homeostasis (HSPB1) degradation (UCHL3 PSMA1). Novelty scientific contribution. pretreatment shown accumulation, thus improving homeostasis. This suggests role preventive mechanism non-alcohol fatty disease.